Emilio Aguinaldo

Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy ( March 22, 1869 - February 6, 1964 ) was the first President of the Republic of the Philippines . He was a Filipino general , politician , leader of freedom and solidarity fought for the independence of the Philippines .

He led an unsuccessful revolt against Spain in 1896 . After the United States defeat Spain in 1898 , he declared the independence of the Philippines and sit as the first president of the Philippines in June 1899. Splitting his soul but for beginner described prevent the United States believed her wishes. Has become full and frank pursuit of the United States with regard to the Philippines , he again led a revolt from 1899 to 1901. He was arrested later on March 1901 after fighting for two years . He swore allegiance to the United States but wore a black bow tie to the Philippines eventually achieved independence in 1946 . He ran as president in 1935 but defeated in the election of Manuel L. Quezon . In the last period of his life , he served on the Council of State of the Philippines .

Biography

He is the seventy eight children of Carlos Aguinaldo and Trinidad Famy , Emilio was born on 22 March 1869 Cavite Viejo ( now Kawit ) , Cavite . Besides his father gobernadorcillo ( municipal mayor ) of the town , his family , belonging to the Chinese - Mestizo , are happy with their comfortable lives .

As a child , he Miniong ( his nickname ) is assisted by his aunt to go to school and he attended elementary school in town . In 1880, he studied Secondary Colegio de San Juan de Letran . When his father died when he was in third year , Aguinaldo left school and went with them to help her mother nabiyudang their farms .

At age 17 , he elected Cabeza de Barangay ( village leader ) of laid wait , the most progressive barrio of Cavite El Viejo . He held this position for eight years. In 1893, the Maura Law was passed to regulate the government of the town 's goals make them more effective and autonomous . From 1895, changed the call from the head of the town became Captain gobernadorcillo Municipal . On January 1, 1895 , Aguinaldo was elected town head .

In 1896 , Aguinaldo was married with Hilaria del Rosario Imus , Cavite . They had five children ( Miguel , Carmen , Emilio Jr. , Maria and Cristina ) . In 1930 , nine years after the death of his wife , Aguinaldo was married to his second wife, Maria Agoncillo , niece of Don Felipe Agoncillo , a diplomat.

Revolution

In 1895, he joined the brotherhood of the Katipunan , a secret organization led by Andres Bonifacio , to expel the Spanish goal for the independence of the Philippines . He joined as a lieutenant under General Baldomero Aguinaldo and rise position as a general in a few months . The Katipunan , he helped the Philippines to start the uprising against the Spaniards in 1896 . With Dr. . Jose Rizal , he began a war against the Spanish , and he ginapanan leadership of the movement then was captured and executed Rizal . Fought by Spanish military forces and bribing the leaders of the rebels. Aguinaldo took the money offered and used it to buy more weapons for the rebels rather than return to exile . Aguinaldo won some battles in Cavite, which led to temporarily shake the Spaniard in their place. However, the more strengthened by the Spanish military forces drove the rebels still more strengthen their istuktura .

Bonifacio led the Convention clarified clarified , Cavite to appoint a replacement of the Katipunan revolutionary government on 22 March 1897. As far his camp , Bonifacio lost the leadership position with Aguinaldo , and instead elected as Secretary of the Interior. Whether it was meeting kwestiyon of Aguinaldo 's support because uneducated Bonifacio . Because of dissatisfaction, Bonifacio annulled the convention and wanted to come back Rizal . Bonifacio is judged , tried and found guilty of treason ( in absentia ) of the military court will Cavite . He was sentenced to death .

President

In 1898 , started the Spanish-American War and napikapag contact Aguinaldo American officials in hopes they will help her fight for freedom . At first he only received a mixed message , but fought with the Americans to oust the Spanish - including turning over 15,000 Spanish troops was late Admiral George Dewey .Nevertheless, the interaction with the Americans was more strained when they showed a willingness to help the Philippines become independent and began to occupy the country as the Spanish had .No help anyone, Aguinaldo declared the freedom of the Philippines on June 12, 1898 and elected him House of Saling - law as president of the Philippines January 23, 1899. When fighting broke out between American troops and the Filipinos, Aguinaldo declared war against the United States on February 4, 1899.

Conquest of America

Aguinaldo led resistance to the Americans until he was captured in 1901 by U.S. General Frederick Funston. He accepted the offer to save his life if he pledged his allegiance to the United States. A sad decision made ​​by Aguinaldo because after he defend his brave generals, like General Gregorio del Pilar, he just surrendered without fighting. He then retired from public life for a long time, until in 1935 he proclaimed him as candidate for president of the Commonwealth of the Philippines; beat him Manuel L. Quezon election.

Conquest of Japanese

During the Japanese occupation of the Philippines in World War II, Aguinaldo make radio addresses in support of the Japanese. After retrieving the American Philippines, made ​​him a collaborator, but the trial found that only forced him to make his statement (the Japanese had threatened to kill his family), and cleared his name. He lived to see his lifelong dream, the freedom of his country achieved in 1946, and in 1950 he served a term on the Council of State before returning to retirement. He died of a heart attack at Veterans Memorial Hospital in Quezon City on February 6, 1964 aged 94.